Viking 2 landing in Utopia Planitia
Viking 2 · 1976 CE – 1980 CE · Mars
Repeat the Viking experiments at a second, higher-latitude site.
Historical context
A second lander was insurance as much as science, and it was sent far enough north to have a real winter. Viking 2 came down tilted on a plain of fractured blocks and photographed, two years running, a thin white frost that no telescope could have shown. Its weather log ran for four years.
The voyage, step by step
North to Utopia
1976 CE
The second lander was aimed 1,500 km north of its twin, far enough to have a proper winter.
A leg on a rock
3 September 1976
On 3 September 1976 the lander settled on a plain of fractured blocks with one footpad on a stone, leaning eight degrees.
White ground in winter
1977 CE
In the winter of 1977 a thin white coating spread over the rocks and stayed for about a hundred days.
Twenty-eight kilometres from Deimos
1977 CE
While the lander worked below, its orbiter swung within 28 km of the outer moon and photographed a surface buried in dust.
Silence in Utopia
April 1980
Battery failure ended the mission in April 1980, after more than 16,000 images and four years of weather records.
Outcome
More than 16,000 images, four years of weather and the first frost seen on Mars.
Viking 2
Second Viking lander, which worked in Utopia Planitia from September 1976 to April 1980 and saw the first Martian frost.
Sources
- Viking 2 — Wikipedia
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory — Mars mission pagesNASA / JPL-Caltech
Continue exploring
- Viking 1 landing in Chryse PlanitiaViking 1 · 1976 CE – 1982 CE
- Mariner 9 global surveyMariner 9 · 1971 CE – 1972 CE
- Mariner 4 flybyMariner 4 · 1965 CE
- Pathfinder and Sojourner at Ares VallisMars Pathfinder and Sojourner · 1997 CE