The Tarim, Lop Nur and northern Tibet
Sven Hedin · 1899 CE – 1902 CE · Earth
Survey the rivers and lakes of the Tarim basin, settle the position of Lop Nur and cross Tibet to Lhasa.
Historical context
Geographers had argued for thirty years about Lop Nur: the Chinese maps put it north of where Przhevalsky had found a lake, and Ferdinand von Richthofen suspected both were right at different dates. Hedin went back with a boat, a plane table and four years, and answered the question by surveying the whole river system that fed it. On the way he pulled a Han garrison town out of the sand, and the documents from it opened the archaeology of the Silk Road.
The voyage, step by step
Kashgar
1899 CE
He fits out at the oasis where the Russian and British consuls watch each other across a bazaar.
A ferry built at Lailik
September 1899
He has a flat-bottomed boat built on the Yarkand river and casts off with a plane table on his knees.
Down the Tarim
1900 CE
Fifteen hundred kilometres of a river that has changed its bed within living memory.
The wandering lake
1900 CE
In the reed marshes of the Kara-koshun, Loplik fishermen pole him through channels no map shows.
Loulan out of the sand
March 1901
He returns with shovels to a ruined town found the year before by accident.
The lake country
1901 CE
South of the Arka Tagh he crosses a plateau of salt lakes that no map had ever carried.
Stopped short of Lhasa
1901 CE
Shaven and dressed as a Mongol pilgrim, he is recognised and escorted away from the holy city.
Out at Leh
1902 CE
He comes down into Ladakh with three years of survey and a dead caravan behind him.
Outcome
Mapped the Tarim from a boat, found and excavated Loulan, was turned back short of Lhasa and came out at Leh in 1902.
Sven Hedin
Swedish geographer and draughtsman who drifted the length of the Tarim, discovered the buried city of Loulan and mapped northern Tibet, and whose later politics wrecked his name.
Sources
- Sven Hedin — Wikipedia
- Central Asia and Tibet: Towards the Holy City of LassaSven Hedin · Hurst and Blackett, London · 1903
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